Overview

HTMLRewriter lets you modify HTML responses as they stream through your edge script. It parses HTML on the fly and calls your handler functions when it encounters matching elements, comments, or text without buffering the entire document in memory.

Quick Start

A simple middleware example:

import * as BunnySDK from "https://esm.sh/@bunny.net/edgescript-sdk@0.11.2";

BunnySDK.net.http.servePullZone()
  .onOriginResponse(async ({ response }) => {
    return new HTMLRewriter()
      .on("h1", {
        element(el) {
          el.setInnerContent("Modified Title");
        },
      })
      .transform(response);
  });

Constructor

new HTMLRewriter(options?)

object

Show properties

boolean

default:false

When true, enables processing of ESI (Edge Side Includes) tags like <esi:include>.

Methods

`on(selector, handlers)`

Registers handlers for elements matching a CSS selector. Returns this for chaining.

rewriter.on("div.content", {
  element(el) { /* ... */ },
  comments(comment) { /* ... */ },
  text(text) { /* ... */ },
});

string

required

A CSS selector. See supported selectors below.

ElementHandlers

required

An object with optional handler functions. Each handler can be sync or async.

Show properties

(el: Element) => void | Promise<void>

Called when an opening tag matching the selector is encountered.

(comment: Comment) => void | Promise<void>

Called for HTML comments within the matched element.

(text: TextChunk) => void | Promise<void>

Called for text content within the matched element.

`onDocument(handlers)`

Registers document-level handlers. Returns this for chaining.

rewriter.onDocument({
  doctype(doctype) { /* ... */ },
  comments(comment) { /* ... */ },
  text(text) { /* ... */ },
  end(end) { /* ... */ },
});

DocumentHandlers

required

Show properties

(doctype: Doctype) => void | Promise<void>

Called when the <!DOCTYPE> declaration is encountered.

(comment: Comment) => void | Promise<void>

Called for document-level comments (outside any element scope).

(text: TextChunk) => void | Promise<void>

Called for document-level text.

(end: DocumentEnd) => void | Promise<void>

Called when the end of the document is reached.

`transform(response)`

Applies all registered handlers to the response body and returns a new Response.

const transformed = rewriter.transform(response);

Response

required

The HTTP response to transform. Must not be an error response.

Returns: A new Response with:

The same headers (minus Content-Length, since the body length may change)
A streaming body with the transformed HTML

Handler Types

Element

Passed to element handlers. Represents an HTML opening tag.

Properties

Property	Type	Description
`tagName`	`string`	Tag name (lowercase). Readable and writable.
`namespaceURI`	`string`	Namespace URI (readonly).
`removed`	`boolean`	Whether the element has been removed (readonly).
`attributes`	`IterableIterator<[string, string]>`	Iterable of `[name, value]` pairs (readonly).

Attribute Methods

`getAttribute(name)`

Returns the value of the attribute with the given name, or null if the attribute does not exist.

string

required

The attribute name.

Returns: string | null

`hasAttribute(name)`

Returns whether the element has an attribute with the given name.

string

required

The attribute name.

Returns: boolean

`setAttribute(name, value)`

Sets the value of the attribute with the given name. Adds the attribute if it does not exist.

string

required

The attribute name.

string

required

The attribute value.

Returns: Element — the element itself, for chaining.

`removeAttribute(name)`

Removes the attribute with the given name. No-op if the attribute does not exist.

string

required

The attribute name.

Returns: Element — the element itself, for chaining. Setters return the element itself, so calls can be chained:

el.setAttribute("class", "new")
  .setAttribute("id", "main")
  .removeAttribute("style");

Content Mutation Methods

All content mutation methods accept content as a string, ReadableStream<Uint8Array>, or Response, and an optional options object. They all return Element for chaining.

string | ReadableStream<Uint8Array> | Response

required

The content to insert. Strings are inserted directly. Streams and Response bodies are consumed and piped into the output.

boolean

default:false

When true, content is inserted as raw HTML. When false, content is escaped as text.

`before(content, options?)`

Inserts content immediately before the element’s opening tag. Returns: Element

`after(content, options?)`

Inserts content immediately after the element’s closing tag. Returns: Element

`prepend(content, options?)`

Inserts content at the beginning of the element, right after the opening tag. Returns: Element

`append(content, options?)`

Inserts content at the end of the element, right before the closing tag. Returns: Element

`replace(content, options?)`

Replaces the entire element (opening tag, content, and closing tag) with the provided content. Returns: Element

`setInnerContent(content, options?)`

Replaces the element’s inner content, keeping the opening and closing tags. Returns: Element

el.before("<hr>", { html: true })
  .setInnerContent("Hello")
  .after("<hr>", { html: true });

Removal Methods

`remove()`

Removes the element and all of its content (opening tag, children, closing tag). Returns: Element

`removeAndKeepContent()`

Removes the element’s opening and closing tags but keeps the inner content in place. Returns: Element

End Tag Handler

`onEndTag(handler)`

Registers a handler that is called when the element’s closing tag is encountered.

(endTag: EndTag) => void | Promise<void>

required

A callback receiving the EndTag object. Can be async.

Returns: void

el.onEndTag((endTag) => {
  endTag.before("<hr>", { html: true });
});

Comment

Passed to comments handlers.

Properties

Property	Type	Description
`text`	`string`	The comment text, without `<!--` and `-->`. Readable and writable.
`removed`	`boolean`	Whether the comment has been removed (readonly).

Methods

`before(content, options?)`

Inserts content immediately before the comment.

string | ReadableStream<Uint8Array> | Response

required

The content to insert.

boolean

default:false

When true, content is inserted as raw HTML. When false, content is escaped as text.

Returns: Comment

`after(content, options?)`

Inserts content immediately after the comment.

string | ReadableStream<Uint8Array> | Response

required

The content to insert.

boolean

default:false

When true, content is inserted as raw HTML. When false, content is escaped as text.

Returns: Comment

`replace(content, options?)`

Replaces the comment with the provided content.

string | ReadableStream<Uint8Array> | Response

required

The content to replace with.

boolean

default:false

When true, content is inserted as raw HTML. When false, content is escaped as text.

Returns: Comment

`remove()`

Removes the comment from the document. Returns: Comment

TextChunk

Passed to text handlers. Note: a single text node may be split across multiple chunks.

Properties

Property	Type	Description
`text`	`string`	The text content (readonly).
`lastInTextNode`	`boolean`	`true` if this is the last chunk in the text node (readonly).
`removed`	`boolean`	Whether this chunk has been removed (readonly).

Methods

`before(content, options?)`

Inserts content immediately before the text chunk.

string | ReadableStream<Uint8Array> | Response

required

The content to insert.

boolean

default:false

When true, content is inserted as raw HTML. When false, content is escaped as text.

Returns: TextChunk

`after(content, options?)`

Inserts content immediately after the text chunk.

string | ReadableStream<Uint8Array> | Response

required

The content to insert.

boolean

default:false

When true, content is inserted as raw HTML. When false, content is escaped as text.

Returns: TextChunk

`replace(content, options?)`

Replaces the text chunk with the provided content.

string | ReadableStream<Uint8Array> | Response

required

The content to replace with.

boolean

default:false

When true, content is inserted as raw HTML. When false, content is escaped as text.

Returns: TextChunk

`remove()`

Removes the text chunk from the document. Returns: TextChunk

EndTag

Passed to onEndTag handlers.

Properties

Property	Type	Description
`name`	`string`	The end tag name. Readable and writable.

Methods

`before(content, options?)`

Inserts content immediately before the end tag.

string | ReadableStream<Uint8Array> | Response

required

The content to insert.

boolean

default:false

When true, content is inserted as raw HTML. When false, content is escaped as text.

Returns: EndTag

`after(content, options?)`

Inserts content immediately after the end tag.

string | ReadableStream<Uint8Array> | Response

required

The content to insert.

boolean

default:false

When true, content is inserted as raw HTML. When false, content is escaped as text.

Returns: EndTag

`remove()`

Removes the end tag from the document. Returns: EndTag

Doctype

Passed to doctype handlers. All properties are read-only.

Properties

Property	Type	Description
`name`	`string \| null`	The doctype name (e.g. `"html"`).
`publicId`	`string \| null`	The PUBLIC identifier.
`systemId`	`string \| null`	The SYSTEM identifier.

DocumentEnd

Passed to end handlers.

Methods

`append(content, options?)`

Appends content at the end of the document.

string

required

The content to append. Only accepts string (not streams or responses).

boolean

default:false

When true, content is inserted as raw HTML. When false, content is escaped as text.

Returns: DocumentEnd

end.append("<!-- generated -->", { html: true });

Supported CSS Selectors

The following CSS selectors are supported, based on the W3C Selectors Level 4 specification.

Selector	Description	Spec
`*`	Any element	Universal selector
`E`	Element of type `E`	Type selector
`E.class`	Element with class	Class selector
`E#id`	Element with ID	ID selector
`E:nth-child(n)`	The n-th child of its parent	:nth-child()
`E:first-child`	First child of its parent	:first-child
`E:nth-of-type(n)`	The n-th sibling of its type	:nth-of-type()
`E:first-of-type`	First sibling of its type	:first-of-type
`E:not(s)`	Element that does not match compound selector `s`	:not()
`E[attr]`	Element with attribute `attr`	Attribute selector
`E[attr="value"]`	Attribute exactly equals `value`	Attribute selector
`E[attr="value" i]`	Case-insensitive attribute match	Case sensitivity
`E[attr="value" s]`	Case-sensitive attribute match	Case sensitivity
`E[attr~="value"]`	Whitespace-separated list containing `value`	Attribute selector
`E[attr^="value"]`	Attribute starts with `value`	Attribute selector
`E[attr$="value"]`	Attribute ends with `value`	Attribute selector
`E[attr*="value"]`	Attribute contains `value`	Attribute selector
`E[attr\|="value"]`	Hyphen-separated attribute starting with `value`	Attribute selector
`E F`	`F` descendant of `E`	Descendant combinator
`E > F`	`F` direct child of `E`	Child combinator

Examples

Rewrite Links

import * as BunnySDK from "https://esm.sh/@bunny.net/edgescript-sdk@0.11.2";

BunnySDK.net.http.servePullZone()
  .onOriginResponse(async ({ response }) => {
    return new HTMLRewriter()
      .on("a[href]", {
        element(el) {
          const href = el.getAttribute("href");
          if (href?.startsWith("http://")) {
            el.setAttribute("href", href.replace("http://", "https://"));
          }
        },
      })
      .transform(response);
  });

Inject a Script

import * as BunnySDK from "https://esm.sh/@bunny.net/edgescript-sdk@0.11.2";

BunnySDK.net.http.servePullZone()
  .onOriginResponse(async ({ response }) => {
    return new HTMLRewriter()
      .onDocument({
        end(end) {
          end.append('<script src="/analytics.js"></script>', { html: true });
        },
      })
      .transform(response);
  });

Remove Elements

import * as BunnySDK from "https://esm.sh/@bunny.net/edgescript-sdk@0.11.2";

BunnySDK.net.http.servePullZone()
  .onOriginResponse(async ({ response }) => {
    return new HTMLRewriter()
      .on("script[src*='tracker']", {
        element(el) {
          el.remove();
        },
      })
      .on(".cookie-banner", {
        element(el) {
          el.remove();
        },
      })
      .transform(response);
  });

Async Handler

Handlers can return a Promise for async operations like sub-requests.

import * as BunnySDK from "https://esm.sh/@bunny.net/edgescript-sdk@0.11.2";

BunnySDK.net.http.servePullZone()
  .onOriginResponse(async ({ response }) => {
    return new HTMLRewriter()
      .on("include[src]", {
        async element(el) {
          const src = el.getAttribute("src");
          const partial = await fetch(src);
          el.replace(partial.body, { html: true });
        },
      })
      .transform(response);
  });

Class-Based Handlers

Instead of inline objects, you can define handler classes and pass instances to .on() or .onDocument().

import * as BunnySDK from "https://esm.sh/@bunny.net/edgescript-sdk@0.11.2";

class AttributeRewriter {
  #attrName;

  constructor(attrName) {
    this.#attrName = attrName;
  }

  element(el) {
    const value = el.getAttribute(this.#attrName);
    if (value) {
      el.setAttribute(this.#attrName, value.replace("http://", "https://"));
    }
  }
}

BunnySDK.net.http.servePullZone()
  .onOriginResponse(async ({ response }) => {
    return new HTMLRewriter()
      .on("a", new AttributeRewriter("href"))
      .on("img", new AttributeRewriter("src"))
      .transform(response);
  });

Document Handler Class

import * as BunnySDK from "https://esm.sh/@bunny.net/edgescript-sdk@0.11.2";

class StripComments {
  comments(comment) {
    comment.remove();
  }

  end(end) {
    end.append("<!-- cleaned -->", { html: true });
  }
}

BunnySDK.net.http.servePullZone()
  .onOriginResponse(async ({ response }) => {
    return new HTMLRewriter()
      .onDocument(new StripComments())
      .transform(response);
  });

Async Class Handler

Class methods can be async just like inline handlers.

import * as BunnySDK from "https://esm.sh/@bunny.net/edgescript-sdk@0.11.2";

class IncludeExpander {
  async element(el) {
    const src = el.getAttribute("src");
    if (src) {
      const partial = await fetch(src);
      el.replace(partial.body, { html: true });
    }
  }
}

BunnySDK.net.http.servePullZone()
  .onOriginResponse(async ({ response }) => {
    return new HTMLRewriter()
      .on("include[src]", new IncludeExpander())
      .transform(response);
  });

Multiple Selectors

Chain multiple .on() calls to handle different elements independently.

import * as BunnySDK from "https://esm.sh/@bunny.net/edgescript-sdk@0.11.2";

BunnySDK.net.http.servePullZone()
  .onOriginResponse(async ({ response }) => {
    return new HTMLRewriter()
      .on("title", {
        element(el) {
          el.setInnerContent("My Site");
        },
      })
      .on("meta[name='description']", {
        element(el) {
          el.setAttribute("content", "Custom description");
        },
      })
      .on("img", {
        element(el) {
          el.setAttribute("loading", "lazy");
        },
      })
      .transform(response);
  });

References

Edge Side Includes - W3 Reference of ESI.
W3C Selectors 4 Specification
WASM HTMLRewriter Implementation - If you want to use locally

​Overview

​Quick Start

​Constructor

​Methods

​on(selector, handlers)

​onDocument(handlers)

​transform(response)

​Handler Types

​Element

​Properties

​Attribute Methods

getAttribute(name)

hasAttribute(name)

setAttribute(name, value)

removeAttribute(name)

​Content Mutation Methods

before(content, options?)

after(content, options?)

prepend(content, options?)

append(content, options?)

replace(content, options?)

setInnerContent(content, options?)

​Removal Methods

remove()

removeAndKeepContent()

​End Tag Handler

onEndTag(handler)

​Comment

​Properties

​Methods

before(content, options?)

after(content, options?)

replace(content, options?)

remove()

​TextChunk

​Properties

​Methods

before(content, options?)

after(content, options?)

replace(content, options?)

remove()

​EndTag

​Properties

​Methods

before(content, options?)

after(content, options?)

remove()

​Doctype

​Properties

​DocumentEnd

​Methods

append(content, options?)

​Supported CSS Selectors

​Examples

​Rewrite Links

​Inject a Script

​Remove Elements

​Async Handler

​Class-Based Handlers

​Document Handler Class

​Async Class Handler

​Multiple Selectors

​References

Overview

Quick Start

Constructor

Methods

`on(selector, handlers)`

`onDocument(handlers)`

`transform(response)`

Handler Types

Element

Properties

Attribute Methods

`getAttribute(name)`

`hasAttribute(name)`

`setAttribute(name, value)`

`removeAttribute(name)`

Content Mutation Methods

`before(content, options?)`

`after(content, options?)`

`prepend(content, options?)`

`append(content, options?)`

`replace(content, options?)`

`setInnerContent(content, options?)`

Removal Methods

`remove()`

`removeAndKeepContent()`

End Tag Handler

`onEndTag(handler)`

Comment

Properties

Methods

`before(content, options?)`

`after(content, options?)`

`replace(content, options?)`

`remove()`

TextChunk

Properties

Methods

`before(content, options?)`

`after(content, options?)`

`replace(content, options?)`

`remove()`

EndTag

Properties

Methods

`before(content, options?)`

`after(content, options?)`

`remove()`

Doctype

Properties

DocumentEnd

Methods

`append(content, options?)`

Supported CSS Selectors

Examples

Rewrite Links

Inject a Script

Remove Elements

Async Handler

Class-Based Handlers

Document Handler Class

Async Class Handler

Multiple Selectors

References